However, lower birthweight z-score was associated with higher fractional anisotropy and lower radial diffusivity. Gestation at birth and absolute birthweight were not associated with diffusion metrics of white matter skeleton. Amongst the perinatal factors studied, head circumference at birth was the strongest predictor of later brain volumes.
Shorter gestation at birth, lower birthweight, and smaller birth head circumference were associated with smaller brain volumes at 9 to 10 years, both globally and regionally. Of the cohort, 101 children were included for volumetric analysis. Images were analysed using FreeSurfer for volumetric data and tract-based spatial statistics for diffusion data. One hundred and eleven children born at ≥ 36 weeks gestation from the CHYLD Study cohort underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging at 9 to 10 years. We aimed to investigate whether gestation at birth, birth weight, and head circumference at birth are still associated with brain volume and white matter microstructure at 9–10 years in children born late-preterm and at term.
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